სახელმწიფოებრიობის დასაბამი საქართველოში და არქეოლოგია
ანოტაცია
დღევანდელი საქართველოს ტერიტორიაზე სახელმწიფოებრიობის ჩამოყალიბების პროცესი საუკუნეების განმავლობაში მიმდინარე ხანგრძლივ ისტორიულ-კულტურულ მოვლენებს უკავშირდება.
არქეოლოგიურმა გათხრებმა გამოავლინა, რომ სახელმწიფოებრიობის წარმოქმნას საფუძველი გვიანბრინჯაო-ადრერკინის ეპოქის მეტალურგიისა და მიწათმოქმედება-მესაქონლეობის განვითარებამ შეუქმნა. როგორც ჩანს, ძვ.წ. IX საუკუნიდან, რკინის მეტალურგიის განვითარებამ სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური დაწინაურება დააჩქარა. ძვ.წ. VII საუკუნისთვის კოლხეთში უკვე ჩამოყალიბებულია პროტოსახელმწიფოებრივი წარმონაქმნი. კოლხეთის დაბლობზე აღმოჩენილია მრავალრიცხოვანი ხელოვნური სამოსახლო ბორცვები, რომლებიც თავდაცვითი თხრილებითაა გამაგრებული. ასეთი მასშტაბური სამუშაოების განხორციელება ორგანიზებული შრომისა და ლიდერების გარეშე წარმოუდგენელი იქნებოდა.
სახელმწიფოს წარმოშობაში განსაკუთრებულ როლს ბიოგეოგარემოც ასრულებდა - კლიმატი, ნოყიერი ნიადაგი, ჰიდრორესურსები, მადნეული და ფლორა-ფაუნის მრავალფეროვნება საზოგადოების პროგრესის საფუძველს ქმნიდა. გარდა ამისა, საგარეო ფაქტორებმაც, მათ შორის მეზობელი ძლიერი სახელმწიფოების აგრესიამ და ბერძნული კოლონიზაციის კულტურულმა გავლენამ, მნიშვნელოვანად იმოქმედა პოლიტიკური კონსოლიდაციის პროცესზე.
არქეოლოგიური გათხრებით მოპოვებული მრავალფეროვანი მასალა და მონაცემები, ნათლად ადასტურებს ქართული სახელმწიფოებრიობის ჩამოყალიბებასთან დაკავშირებულ რთულ და ხანგრძლივ ეტაპებს.
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Description of Illustrations:
I - Map of archaeological monuments of the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron period.
II - III - General tables of the main artifacts of "Colchian Bronze Culture".
IV- Map of archaeological monuments of the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron period, according to archaeologist L. Jibladze.
V - 1) Reconstruction of the Kolkheti plainsAccording to architect G. Lezhava.
The settlements of Kolkheti hills.
